MGT 5A1 Principles of Human Resources Assessment Task Specifications Essay

MGT 5A1 Principles of Human Resources Assessment Task Specifications On this module the formative activities (developmental, pr - Essay Example The role of human resource in managing the employees plays a major role in the success of the business (Fisher, et al, 1990). The department is thorough in the recruitment of employees and only goes for the best qualified individuals in the market. Hiring is on merit. The human resource of Barclays Bank Kenya effectively takes part in the strategic plan of the company through ensuring effective communication from the employer to employees on company objectives. Another way the human resource of Barclays Bank stands out is the effective way in which it handles employee problems. They easily voice their concerns to the human resource without fear of victimization. Another benefit Barclays Kenya stands out for in the market is the benefits employees receive by working there. The company maintains a great pension scheme to allow the employees receive a good pension during retirement. In addition, human resource fosters good relations with employees by working on employee welfare. The ban k holds an annual Family day to bring together the families of employees for a day of sports and fun. The bank also engages the employees in team building activities such as planting trees and offering community service. Human resource organizes community projects to allow employees give back to their communities. This gives employees a sense of pride and self realization by giving back to society. From the evident strong human resource management team in Barclays Bank Kenya, recommendations to other companies suggest that they borrow some of the strategies of the Bank to improve their own human resource departments. Barclays Bank is an international organization, and therefore has experience with several workers from various parts of the world and over a long period of time. Therefore, the human resource department of the company is mature in comparison to other companies. Many companies, especially in the developing world hire individuals based on prejudices such as ethnicity, nep otism, tribalism and discrimination. However, Barclays Bank Kenya, despite having its location in a developing company has a reputation of fairness in hiring as it takes employees based on merit only. Therefore, this practice ought to be adopted by many companies of the sort. A second recommendation that other companies ought to learn from Barclays Bank Kenya is the skill of listening to the opinions of employees. Many employees face harsh treatment and sometimes-unlawful dismissal due to airing of sensitive issues to management. However, the human resource ought to understand that employee opinion is fundamental in running a company and attaining the objectives. Complaints brought forward by employees require serious attention. Dismissing them as acts of rebellion by employees is naive and only leads to poor relations between employers and employees. Therefore, employee feedback requires encouragement, even if it incriminates the administration. Listening to employees reduces strik es, demonstrations and go slows. Therefore, other human resource departments ought to emulate the ethical behavior of Barclays Bank Kenya of listening to their employees and acting on the issues brought forth. In the long run, it promotes the success of the company due to encouraging good relationships between employees to the human resource department (Bianca, 2013). Companies receive recommendation to emulate the human resource practice of Barclays Bank

Lev Vygotsky’s Theory Essay Example for Free

Lev Vygotsky’s Theory Essay The development or the growing-up process of a child has been considered as the most critical and crucial part of a person’s life. It is in this stage where most changes take place which determines the strength or weakness of the foundations of one’s skills and capabilities as he or she grows up. Human development has also been an interesting topic or research in the field of psychology over the years. Theories and concepts have been formulated and developed in order to create a wide understanding of the process of human development as it plays a significant part in a person’s foundation as an adult. The developmental process of a child includes several aspects like the physiological, emotional, and cognitive development. In this paper, the focus shall be on cognitive development and the process of language acquisition, as proposed and theorized by Lev Vygotsky. What is Cognitive Development and Language Acquisition? Cognitive development is a part of the overall dynamic process of human maturity. In current media, a lot of products like milk, supplements, and health commodities for children have been advertised to contribute on improving the wellness of a child’s cognitive development. This shows how the current society values this aspect of child development with special importance. Cognitive development pertains to how an individual understands and grasps ideas through learned factors and genetics as well. This developmental aspect is made up of five fields, namely, information processing, intelligence, reasoning, language development, and memory (Wells, 2008). Understanding the whole cognitive development of a child may not be complete without understanding these core fields. However, this paper shall focus on one area which is language development. The definition of intelligence and cognitive development has also become a popular debate among psychologists like Vygotsky and Piaget. Piaget defines intelligence as the ability of an individual to adapt to his or her environment through several adaptation models which include the concepts of assimilation and accommodation, both of which place stronger emphasis on the individual (cited in Lloyd, 1995). On the other hand, Vygotsky argues that cognitive development refers to the capacity of a person to learn through instruction with an emphasis on the environment. Moreover, Vygotsky saw the capability of individuals to learn through instruction as the basic feature of human intelligence (cited in Lloyd, 1995). In medical terms, language development can be identified as the process wherein the complexity of symbols, sounds, and meanings combined is being expanded steadily. This process shall depend on how a person interprets, understands, and perceives objects and symbols as influenced by his or her environment and learning process (Biology Online, 2005). Among children, especially those of 1 to 2 years of age, the early developments in language can be very well observed in their constant cooing, imitation of adult sounds and words, babbling, and use of shortened words and sentences (Biology Online, 2005). Lev Vygotsky’s Views on the Roots of Though and Language Lev Semenovich Vygotsky is a German psychologist who explained and expounded on the genetic approach to the early developments of thoughts and concepts in human development. He connected the changes and transitions occurring in this process from childhood to adulthood through a series of human developmental stages (Marxist Internet Archive, 1990). Although his theories have been rejected in the United States during the earlier part of the political conflict between the U. S. and Soviet Union, his works still became popular as the Cold War ended up to present date. His works basically revolved around the roots of thought and language. It will be easier to understand Vygotsky’s theories in psychology by understanding the main arguments from which his theories are rooted from. His main arguments about intelligence and cognitions state that, (1) thinking is understood developmentally in terms of its roots and succeeding growth at the individual and cultural levels of analysis; (2) thinking is interceded by semiotic mechanisms like speech which can be considered as the most powerful of such mechanisms; and (3) there are certain thinking processes like problem solving, voluntary memory, and self-regulation which have roots from social processes and interactions (Vygotsky cited in Goswami, 2004). As one may observe, more often than not, Vygotsky used the terms â€Å"speech† and â€Å"thinking† than language and thought. This preference to use such terms was believed to be linked with his perception of speech as a social or shared process (Lloyd, 1995). For Vygotsky, the developments of thinking and speech are two separate entities: thought being non-verbal and language being non-intellectual. However, he explained that during a specific time in a person’s life (around the age of two), the lines of development of these two areas start to meet again to induce the creation of a new behavior (Vygotsky cited in Schutz, 2004). He was able to expound his positions on this concept as he noted that, (1) thinking and speech have different roots at the start of their development; (2) at the beginning, there will be a pre-intellectual stage for speech and a pre-linguistic stage for thought; (3) there will come a point in time when these two aspects shall follow different curves unaffected with each other; (4) at a second point, their curves shall meet where thought will turn verbal, and speech, on the other hand, will turn rational; and lastly, (5) thinking and speech are not always overlying each other (Lloyd, 1995). Vygotsky’s theory has also been particular about the construction of words and acquisition of word meanings. He explains that the formation of word and word meaning is in a way related to how a child perceives a problem in communicating with his or her guardian. Vygotsky claims that word meanings are derived from the problem of not knowing what to call or how to describe a specific object, feeling, or thought, which the child usually asks from an adult (cited in Schutz, 2004). Vygotsky also acquired interest in understanding the possibilities that language may indeed affect how a person thinks. In contrast to Piaget’s focus on children’s egocentric and private speech, Vygotsky dealt with language as a form of social communication which progressively supports both language and thinking process. Applications of Vygotsky’s Constructivist Cognition Concept to a Child’s Education and Language formation Vygotsky’s Language Acquistion Theory has been influenced by the constructivist approach. In constructivism, problem solving is the core idea of all forms of learning, thinking, and development; that is, as a child encounters a problem and discovers consequences for its solutions, he or she eventually forms his or her thinking and understanding of a certain concept (Vygotsky cited in Brewer, 2007). In the constructivist view, prior knowledge plays a big part on how a child will perceive things as he or she grows up; that is, it is important for the learner to be able to construct new information into his or her current knowledge because the information connected to the learner’s prior experiences shall be forgotten easily. In application to real life situations, teachers can try to learn about the children’s prior knowledge about a specific problem or a specific topic which confuses them in order to gauge what the children already know and help them understand different experiences (Brewer, 2007). In relation to language development, Vygotsky also coined the concept of the zone of proximal development, which emphasizes that children acquire knowledge about objects and concepts they see as confusing through directed interactions from guardians, teachers, and parents. He explained that what children learn with the guidance and assistance of people around them appears to be a lot more suggestive of their learning development compared to what they usually do alone (Vygotsky, 1987, qtd. in Lloyd, 1995). Thus, speech and word meaning which is acquired by a child alone may not give him or her the utmost linguistic potential he or she can have. Language development as well as the other aspects of development a child goes through in the early years is highly important regardless of the learning genre or theory followed. Theories like Vygotsky’s language acquisition theory are formulated to give people specific basis of the different developmental processes. A child’s language development is never as plain as teaching him or her words and names; rather, it is a complex process which involves crucial elements and key areas where parents, teachers, and concerned guardians have to focus on in order to help the child realize his or her full potential. References Biology Online. (2005, October 3). Language Development.Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. biology-online. org/dictionary/Language_development Brewer, W. (2007). Learning theory: Constructivist approach. Answers. com. Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. answers. com/topic/learning-theory-constructivist-approach Goswami, U. (2004). Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Cognitive Development. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. Lloyd. P. (1995). Psychology: Cognitive and Language Development. Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society. Marxist Internet Archive. (1990). Vygotsky, Lev Semenovich (1896-1934). Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. marxists. org/glossary/people/v/y. htm#vygotsky-lev Schutz, R. (2004, December 5). Vygotsky language acquisition. English Made in Brazil. Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. sk. com. br/sk-vygot. html Wells, K. R. (2008). Cognitive development. Encyclopedia of Children’s Health. Retrieved November 14, 2008 from http://www. healthofchildren. com/C/Cognitive-Development. html

The Fluid Mosaic Model Of Membrane Structure

The Fluid Mosaic Model Of Membrane Structure The fluid mosaic model of membrane structure is a cell membrane that behaves like a two- dimensional liquid of mixed composition. The cell membrane is described to be fluid because of its hydrophobic components that are integrated into the membrane structure such as lipids and membrane proteins that move sideways throughout the membrane. That means the membrane more like a fluid. The membrane is referred to as mosaic because like a mosaic that is made up of many different parts the cell membrane has a mixed composition of lipids and proteins. The cell membrane gets it fluidity because the phospholipids in a typical cell membrane are not bonded to one another. Each phospholipid molecule has a head that is attracted to water that is pointing toward the outside of the cell membrane, making it hydrophilic, and a tail that repels water forming the inside of the bilayer, making it non-polar hydrophobic, but this is, on an individual basis, relatively weak. Proteins and substances such as c holesterol become embedded in the bilayer, but the plasma membrane has the consistency of vegetable oil at body temperature, so the proteins and other substances are able to move across it. The molecules that are embedded in the cell membrane also serve a purpose. For example, the cholesterol that gets stuck in there makes the membrane more stable and prevents it from solidifying when your body temperature is low. Carbohydrate chains attach to the outer surface of the cell membrane and form glycoproteins and glycolipids. These carbohydrates are specific to every person, and they supply characteristics such as your blood type. Functions of Following: Ribosomes: Ribosomes are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are both protein synthesizers and contain ribonucleic acid but they differ in their composition. This is why some antibiotics can take advantage of this difference to kill prokaryotes (bacteria) while not harming eukaryotes (ourselves). Prokaryotes are single-celled and they have no nucleus. In prokaryotes the ribosomes are free floating in cytoplasm because they have no nucleus. Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that is inside the cell membrane. It holds all the organelles of a cell. These floating ribosomes are the protein synthesizers and contain ribonucleic acid (RNA). Eukaryotes are organisms that consist of one or more cells and normally have a nucleus. The nucleus is the organelle in which chromosomes are stored and protected from the activities that occur in the cells cytoplasm. In eukaryotes the ribosomes are contained within the nucleus. Ribosomes are attached to the outer surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and free in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes make polypeptides that thread into the interior of the ER as they are assembled. The synthesis of RNA and protein is the main function of ribosomes. The RNA and proteins exit the nucleus by nuclear pores that are in the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope is made up of two membranes. These membranes have holes that are called the nuclear pores. This is how the proteins and RNA exit the nucleus and move on to the rest of the cell or are dispersed outside the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is part of the endomembrane system, which is an extension of the nuclear envelope. There are two parts that make up the ER, the smooth ER and the rough ER. These two parts of ER are continuous with each other. The rough ER has thousands of ribosomes that are attached to it. This makes the ER appear bumpy under an electron microscope giving it its name. It is a network of flattened sacs and tubes or channels in the cytoplasm formed by highly folded membranes. The rough ER is a continuation of the protein synthesis for those proteins that are to be transported from the cell. The newly synthesized proteins are transported to the lumen, inside of the ER, where they can begin to be modified into their complex shape. The proteins are then transported through the lumen of the rough ER to the smooth ER where further processing of the protein may occur. The smooth ER has no ribosomes to give it the bumpy appearance so it is referred to as smooth. Since there are no ribosomes, it does not make protein. Although, some of the polypeptides made in the rough ER end up as enzymes in the smooth ER. It is more tubular than rough ER and has a separate network of functions. Its main function is to make lipids, enzymes, and other proteins destined for secretion, or for insertion into cell membranes. It also plays a large part in detoxifying and recycling wastes, as well as other specialized functions. Golgi Apparatus: The Golgi apparatus consists of a series of flattened sacs with vesicles pinching off from the edges This organelle has a folded membrane that typically looks like a stack of pancakes. It receives many of the vesicles produced by the smooth ER. Vesicles are small organelles formed by a pocket of membrane pinching off from the ER to the Golgi apparatus and from the other end of Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins made by the ER before sending them out to the cell. Proteins enter the Golgi on the side by the ER and exit on the opposite side that faces the plasma membrane of the cell. Proteins are further processed along the way and become modified and packaged for transport to various locations within the cell. Some proteins will be packaged in vesicles for secretion from the cell while other proteins will be packaged to produce other organelles such as lysosomes that are used for cellular digestion. The finished products are transported by the vesicles that carry t hem to lysosomes or to the plasma membrane. Lysosomes: Lysosomes are membranous sacs of enzymes that bud from the Golgi. Lysosomes have various roles. Lysosomes serve as vessels for waste disposal. They contain powerful enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids in cellular digestion. They also serve as vessels for recycling the cells organic material. Enzymes inside them break large molecules into smaller subunits that the cell can use as building material or eliminate. In humans, a variety of inherited conditions can affect lysosomes. These defects are called storage diseases and include Pompes disease and Tay-Sachs disease. People with these disorders are missing one or more of the lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes. Abnormal storage causes inefficient functioning and damage of the bodys cells, which can lead to serious health problems, including death. Using the Data Analysis Exercise at the top of page 75 in the textbook, answer the following questions: Abnormal Motor Proteins Cause Kartagener Syndrome An abnormal form of the motor protein dynein causes Kartagener syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by chronic sinus and lung infections. Biofilms form in the thick mucus that collects in the airways, and the resulting bacterial activities and inflammation damage tissues. Affected men can produce sperm but are infertile Some have become fathers after a doctor injects their sperm cells directly into eggs. Review Figure 4.25, then explain how abnormal dynein could cause the observed effects. Observe how the abnormal protein dynein alters flagella. Why would this abnormal protein cause a build up of mucus in ones airways? Kartagener syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a mutated form of a protein dynein. People that are affected by this disease have chronically irritated sinuses, and mucus build up in the airways to their lungs. Bacteria also forms in the thick mucus. The disease typically progresses to overt bronchiectasis during late childhood or early adulthood and can ultimately causes chronic respiratory failure. This disease is affected by the cilia and flagella which are appendages extending from the body of most eukaryotic cells. Motile cilia line the upper and lower airways of the lung. Motile cilia are rod-like organelles that extend from the airway cell surface and move the mucus by synchronized beating. There are about 200 motile cilia in the respiratory tract of a healthy individual. They are responsible for movement of the cell itself or the generation of fluid flow, such as mucus. Beating coordinately, these cilia function to remove mucus and debris from the airway in a process call ed mucocilliary clearance. When the cilia malfunction, there is buildup of mucus and debris in the tract, which leads to respiratory difficulties. Immotile or respiratory cilia cause defective Mucociliary Clearance, because of the lack of uniform ciliary movement to transport particles, or mucus in or out of the organs or cells. Why would this cause infertility unless the sperm were artificially injected into egg cells? Males that are affected by Kartegener syndrome can produce sperm, but they are infertile. Sperm count is typically normal, but sperm are immotile due to the absence of dynein flagella or motility is severely limited due to a shortening of the flagella. Some can still become fathers with the help of a procedure that injects sperm cells directly into eggs.

The Nine Guardians Essay -- Literary Analysis, The Church, Indigenous

The story of the Nine Guardians takes place during the presidency of Lazaro Cardenas between 1934 and 1940. Lazaro Cardenas instituted the agrarian reform to break up the large ranches owned by the elite class and end the state of peonage in which the Indians on the ranch lived. President Cardenas government opposed the Catholic Church as it was believed to be the vehicle of superstition as well as the ally of the old regime. (Mason 1962, p80) The Churches were closed and many priest lost their lives for saying Mass. (Nicholson 1992 p 9) Women were allowed to clean the relics once per month (p 43)Catholic conservative rebel groups Cristeros were operating in many parts of the State to defend the interest of the Church, which generally coincided with those of the landlords. The Cristeros bands were mainly composed of resident Hacienda workers who were stirred to rebellion by their and maintained in arms by their landlords. Economically dependant on the Hacienda system, the priest we re not only the intellectual instigator of the revolt, but frequently were its military leaders. They taught that land distribution was contrary to the will of God and that the peon owed his landlord implicit obedience. (Huizer, year, p125) â€Å"To wear oneself out fighting against this iniquitous and senseless persecution†, p 234. Since the Church was under persecution from President Cardenas government Mass had to be said in secret. Amalia risks imprisonment by allowing her home to be used as a religious meeting place. The story depicts the injustices experienced by both women of the land owning class and the indigenous people. Lazaro Cardenas instituted agrarian reforms that would benefit the Indian population. The large ranches of land owning el... ... god. Religious meeting were held in secrecy in the homes of members of the church, mainly female members of the church. Amalia risked her freedom by holding a meeting in her home. (p232) Both the Ladinos and the Indians believed that they were being punished by their gods for the sufferings they experienced. The Mayans believed that they were being punished by their gods for the suffering their people were experiencing at the hands of the Europeans. â€Å"They came, who were destined to come; haughty and hard of manner and strong of voice, such were the instruments of our chiding†. (Castellanos, year, p 56) The religious rites and customs practised by the indigenous people were constructed by Europeans as â€Å"lies and deceptions which the devil had invented† (Tignor et al 2002, p97) They were to worship only the Christian God instead of bowing to their many idols.

Patient Abuse in Nursing Facilities Essay

Patient abuse in nursing facilities is becoming more prominent. Abuse is not only physical, but emotional, sexual, neglect and financial exploitations. The elderly are the most vulnerable and least likely to complain, so unfortunately they are the targets. Most families research in depth about the nursing facility that they will place their loved one, in hopes that abuse doesn’t occur. Although the research is done, families should still look for signs and symptoms of abuse since they are leaving their loved one in stranger’s hands. According to (Center), A recent investigation concluded that employment checks do not always provide adequate protection against elder mistreatment. For instance, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services prohibit nursing homes from hiring persons with a prior history of committing abuse in a nursing home setting, but those who have been convicted of other forms of abuse like child abuse may still be hired. Some states require a criminal background check, while others do not. Even so, these checks usually do not uncover convictions in another state. Furthermore, in some states, non-caregiving staff such as maintenance workers and others without a direct patient care role do not undergo criminal checks even though they may have direct access to patients and patient areas. Understaffing is a common cause of nursing home abuse. When staff members become overworked, they may begin to lose their patience with the nursing home residents. In addition, understaffing leaves many workers unsupervised or untrained, which can lead to nursing home abuse. Still, physical abuse in nursing homes is illegal, and the owners of the assisted living facility can be held liable if a resident is subject to nursing home abuse or neglect. Sometimes, it is difficult to identify nursing home residents who have been physically abused. Very often, members of the nursing home staff will state that the resident’s injuries were the result of a fall rather than the actual cause–nursing home abuse. In addition, the staff member may bully the resident into agreeing with their story. Because detecting signs of physical nursing home abuse can be difficult, loved ones should pay careful attention when visiting the nursing home. Be aware of the common signs of physical nursing home abuse, including: unexplained bruising, cuts, sprains, fractures and broken bones and open wounds. In addition to physical signs, nursing home patients who have been physically abused may also show changes in their behavior. If the resident appears withdrawn, fearful, nervous or depressed, they may be suffering from physical nursing home abuse. The most common type of physical abuse is battery, which can include forcing the resident into restraints for no valid reason. Other forms of physical abuse in nursing homes include: overmedication, use of excessive restraints, chemical or physical, for no reason, burning, pushing, shoving, force feeding, hitting the resident with the hand or an object, pulling the resident’s hair and mishandling the resident when transporting them from beds, bathrooms etc ( (Morgan). According to (Emotional Abuse in Nursing Homes), Emotional abuse in nursing homes is not as overt as other forms of abuse. Regardless, the effects that emotional abuse in nursing homes can result in are damaging to the happiness, health, and other areas of that resident’s life. Not knowing what signs to look for can allow emotional abuse in nursing homes to continue. Often times, a resident thinks that telling someone about abuse suffered, including emotional abuse in nursing homes, will make them a burden to the family or they feel afraid of enduring an increased amount of abuse. If emotional abuse in nursing homes is occurring the family members should immediately notify the facility. The facility should amend the situation at once but if the emotional abuse in nursing homes persists, the family should take further action. The chances of the emotional abuse in nursing homes occurring to just one resident are very slim so other residents are probably suffering as well. Emotional abuse in nursing homes can include humiliation, harassment, threat of punishment, deprivation, and intimidation, as well as other behaviors. One of the most pervasive forms of nursing home abuse today is that of neglect. Nursing home neglect is too frequently overlooked and results all too often in a decline in general health and eventually the death of those elderly people entrusted to nursing home care facilities. The problem can occur anywhere and can take many shapes. What makes this particularly sinister is that it can be overlooked or ignored for so long. Even upon repeated visits to a nursing home, the signs of nursing home neglect can remain hidden. In order to understand the scope of the problem, it is important to know the different types of nursing home neglect and nursing home abuse. The most obvious, most egregious, and the first that comes to mind for many people is physical neglect. Unfortunately common in nursing homes today, neglect takes many forms, however, all of which are disturbing in their own right. Any of the following forms of neglect warrant contacting a nursing home abuse lawyer to bring justice to the victim of neglect, as well as make conditions safer for other residents (Center). According to (Financial Exploitation of Nursing Home Residents), Financial exploitation of the elderly occurs when an individual takes or uses the money or property of a senior for any wrongful use, or with the intent to defraud the elder. Senior citizens who live in nursing homes or other long-term care facilities can be victims of financial abuse by their direct caregivers or by the administrators of the nursing homes. Financial exploitation is defined as the wrongful use of an individual’s finances or property for another’s advantage. This can occur when residents’ personal or financial resources are taken from them without their consent, either because the residents were incapacitated and unable to give consent or because they were subjected to threats, intimidation, manipulation, and deception. Examples of financial exploitation include cashing an elderly person’s checks without authorization, forging a senior’s signature, stealing an older person’s money or possessions, or deceiving an older person into signing any contract, will, or other document. According to (Nursing Home Abuse), It is critical for every resident to understand their nursing home patient rights in order to successfully acclimate to the very different living environment of a skilled nursing facility. Patients and their families should become well versed in the policies and procedures inherent to life in the facility and must know exactly what they can and should expect when it comes to care and safety. In the US, the federal government and each state government have written legislation which guarantees each nursing home resident specific and general rights while under professional care. Most foreign counties have similar laws enacted to protect elders from abuse and neglect in nursing facilities, as well. When your loved one is placed in a nursing home, it is required that they are given a written bill of patient’s rights. It is recommended that the family and loved one go over this bill of rights in detail so they are familiar with the rights of their loved one. Most often, nursing home patients cannot defend themselves, due to several different reasons: physical health, mental health, social isolation or dependency issues. Unless someone comes forward for these patients, they won’t get help and no one is penalized for their actions. Many do not know how to report nursing home abuse, so they remain silent and struggle with their disturbing knowledge of the abuse or neglect. Once the repost is filed, the organization that is responsible, will investigate thoroughly and will hold the person/persons responsible for their actions. If you are a family member and suspect any minor abuse or neglect, it is always wise to report the activity to the nursing home administrator directly. Tell them that you have evidence of the abuse and that you intend to take this matter as far as it will go. Do not back down. If the infraction is minor and resulted in no real damage, then you may consider allowing them to discipline the staff member internally. Just be sure to watch out for any retribution which may come back to your loved one if the staff member is not fired. If the infraction is more serious or you do not feel completely confident that the matter will be settled in the best interest of your loved one, then take the concern one step further. Immediately call police and report the incident. Additionally, contact adult protective services, your ombudsman, your local nursing home regulatory agency and Medicare, if applicable. You might also consider consulting with a nursing home abuse attorney and filing a civil lawsuit (Nursing Home Abuse). Although abuse in nursing facilities is becoming more prominent, there are several things that family members can do to protect their loved one from being a victim from this horrible crime. The elderly are very vulnerable, but they do not deserve the abuse that the under paid, aggravated staff member may give them. If someone suspects abuse in a nursing facility, they should report it immediately. If not, this makes you just as guilty.

Reasons For the Bar Kochba Revolt

Reasons For the Bar Kochba Revolt Killing more than half a million Jews and destroying almost a thousand villages, the Bar Kochba Revolt (132-35) was a major event in Jewish history and a blotch on the reputation of the good emperor Hadrian. The revolt was named for a man called Shimon, on coins, Bar Kosibah, on papyrus, Bar Kozibah, on rabbinic literature, and Bar Kokhba, in Christian writing. Bar Kochba was the messianic leader of the rebel Jewish forces. The rebels may have held land south of Jerusalem and Jericho and north of Hebron and Masada. They may have reached into Samaria, Galilee, Syria, and Arabia. They survived (as long as they did) by means of caves, used for weapons storage and hiding, and tunnels. Letters from Bar Kochba were found in the caves of Wadi Murabbaat around the same time archaeologists and Bedouins were discovering the Dead Sea Scroll caves. [Source:​ The Dead Sea Scrolls: A Biography, by John J. Collins; Princeton: 2012.] The war was very bloody on both sides, so much so that Hadrian failed to declare a triumph when he returned to Rome at the revolts conclusion. Why Did the Jews Rebel? Why did the Jews rebel when it must have seemed likely the Romans would defeat them, as they had before? Suggested reasons are outrage over Hadrians prohibitions and actions. CircumcisionCircumcision was a vital part of the Jewish identity and it is possible Hadrian made it illegal for Jews to practice this custom, and not just with proselytes. In the Historia Augusta Pseudo-Spartianus says Hadrians prohibition against genital mutilation caused the revolt (Life of Harian 14.2). Genital mutilation could mean either castration or circumcision (or both). [Source: Peter Schafer The Bar Kochba Revolt and Circumcision: Historical Evidence and Modern Apologetics 1999]. This position is challenged. See: Negotiating Difference: Genital Mutilation in Roman Slave Law and the History of the Bar Kokhba Revolt, by Raanan Abusch, in The Bar Kokhba War Reconsidered: New Perspectives on the Second Jewish Revolt against Rome, edited by Peter Schafer; 2003. SacrilegeThe second to third century Greek-writing Roman historian Cassius Dio (Roman History 69.12) said it was Hadrians decision to rename Jerusalem Aelia Capitolina, to establish a Roman colony there, and to build a pagan temple. A complication of this is the possible retraction of a promise by Hadrian to rebuild the Jewish Temple. References: Axelrod, Alan. Little-Known Wars of Great and Latin Impact. Fair Winds Press, 2009. The Archaeology of Roman Palestine, by Mark Alan Chancey and Adam Lowry Porter. Near Eastern Archaeology, Vol. 64, No. 4 (Dec. 2001), pp. 164-203. The bar Kokhba Revolt: The Roman Point of View, by Werner Eck. The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 89 (1999), pp. 76-89 The Dead Sea Scrolls: A Biography, by John J. Collins; Princeton: 2012. Peter Schafer The Bar Kochba Revolt and Circumcision: Historical Evidence and Modern Apologetics 1999