Polar Bears and Global Warming Essay Example

Polar Bears and Global Warming Paper This global climate change has made it difficult for the animals in these regions to survive. One animal whose home is rapidly disappearing is the Polar Bear. This change in temperature is melting their white icy prairies that the polar bears desperately need to survive. As the polar bears habitat diminishes, so does the polar bears population. In order to protect the polar bears, humans need to make a valor effort to reduce the amount of pollution and greenhouse gases that we produce. Polar bears are one of the many species that are being affected by the polar CE caps melting. Sea ice is the foundation of the Arctic marine environment. Vital organisms live underneath and within the ice itself, which is not solid but pierced with channels and tunnels large, small, and smaller. Trillions of diatoms, zooplankton, and crustaceans pepper the ice column. In spring, sunlight penetrates the ice, triggering algal blooms. The algae sink to the bottom, and in shallow continental shelf areas th ey sustain a food web that includes clams, sea stars, arctic cod, seals, walrusesand polar bears (McGrath, Para. 4). These magnificent bears depend on the tundra to provide a frozen landing for hunting and taking a break while swimming far distances. Most bears live their entire lives out on the ice and only visit land to build birthing dens; however, as the ice continues to melt, the polar bears are destined to die prematurely due to the lack of food available and the lack of safe places to rest between swims. According to The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the declining amount of sea ice is the number one threat against the survival of polar bears (Campbell, Para. 2). To paraphrase from Colic Campbell and Kate Landaus article The War Over the Polar Bear, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) noted that as the Arctic sea ice continues to melt, approximately two-thirds of the worlds polar bear population is expected to die out by 2050. This prediction can even be considered conservative, because the sea ice is melting faster than previously anticipated, according to the USGS polar bear proj ect leader Steve Masters (Campbell, Para. 13). We will write a custom essay sample on Polar Bears and Global Warming specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Polar Bears and Global Warming specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Polar Bears and Global Warming specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As the effects of global warming continues to warm the planet, the Arctic ice caps continue to disappear at a dangerous rate, heartening the polar bears ability to survive in these conditions. Polar bears are native to Alaska, Canada, and Russia. The bears that live in the Norwegian archipelago of Scabbard, the Effort Sea, and Hudson Bay in Northeast Canada have been studied the longest. The western part of the Hudson Bay is where the ice is known to melt in the summer and freeze back in the fall. This is where the polar bears threat was first brought to light because as the years went on, and the planet continued to warm. The ice ceased to freeze back, making it difficult for the new mothers and baby cubs o survive the farther swims to find an frozen prairie where they could hunt and rest. As the distances between frozen arctic caps Increases, so does the number of bears that drown. Although polar bears are good, strong swimmers, they are not as well fed as they used to be, due to the lack of hunting land. As survival becomes less likely, fewer females give birth and fewer cubs actually survive. The polar bears predicament is a controversial topic, because in order for the government to put polar bears on the endangered species list, they would eve to admit that global warming is real and is happening right now. However, this is a time pressing matter, because within the next 50 years, the polar bear species could be wiped out completely. Global warming is the main cause of the problem at hand. If humans were able to limit the amount of green house gases that we release, maybe we could slow the warming of the planet and stop the ice caps from melting and never reforming. As long as the polar bears have ice caps to hunt on and rest on in between swims, less polar bears would die from starving or drowning. Slowing this death rate would increase the amount of cubs born each year and the survival rate would increase as well.

The Importance of following Orders Essays

The Importance of following Orders Essays The Importance of following Orders Essay The Importance of following Orders Essay The importance of following a direct order Last night at final formation the company was directly told from, The BAD GUY to put our phones up before we went to sleep. This was Just a simple task that should have been too easy to follow, right, wrong after lights out I was laying in bed not talking on my phone but I was still fumbling around with my phone trying to set my alarm, which was wrong because in the back of my mind I knew all I had to do was just leave the phone alone. Now this order was Just something that could have been voided by Just putting my phone in my locker. Although this situation leading up to being as sensitive as disobeying a direct order was not that major of a problem it would have been too easy to Just put the phone up and go to sleep. I understand that if we were in a combat situation and I was given a direct and I broke it being a part of the regular army would get somebody foot broken off in your ass. Like in the situation of being in the FAA twenty minutes away from an Iraqi strip club and the owner there has been letting your team come in and drink cheap all night, but your Platoon SST gave the direct order to stay away from the club and not to drink while on duty, because of possible Deeds that would be on the way And what the team didnt know is that a few days earlier that same owner was visually caught from a recon stashing possible explosives In his 97 diesel Mercedes. So now a few days later. Its the weekend baby, the team is getting restless and want to get out the FOB even if it was Just for a few hours. One of the privates decides to get his boys from the team and go anyway even thought his Platoon SST said not to leave the FAA thou permission! So during his six hour fire guard he and his team dip off and go to the club anyway. Now the team Is In the club getting drunk partying have a good time not really being able to pay attention to everything thats going on and they start to lose their edge. The owner see that their too messed up to control themselves Blame It on the alcohol I guess you could say, but while they stagger back to the FOB the owner fallows the soldiers back to the FOB takes them out about a mile out before they get back and rams his 97 diesel Mercedes straight Into the middle of the FOB and took out half the unit. If the soldiers would have Just been on duty they would have seen the car trying come up to the FAA and would have been gunned down before they even knew what hit them. This Is Just an example of why you should follow orders even though It was Just a simple order that was disobeyed It got everybody around the soldiers killed. The Importance of following Orders By sharks Last night at final formation the company was directly told from, The BAD GIG-JP to on duty, because of possible Deeds that would be on the way ND what the team icon stashing possible explosives in his 97 diesel Mercedes. So now a few days later. Its the weekend baby, the team is getting restless and want to get out the to the club anyway. Now the team is in the club getting drunk partying have a good blame it on the alcohol I guess you could say, but while they stagger back to the FOB before they get back and rams his 97 diesel Mercedes straight into the middle of the down before they even knew what hit them.

Nutritional protocol for hypothyroidism Research Paper

Nutritional protocol for hypothyroidism - Research Paper Example Based on reliable clinical studies and experience of the medical experts on the field, he or she points out the array of nutritional factors that may affect thyroid functions as to lead the readers in making informed choices in their pursuit for a problem-free thyroid and in the end live healthily. Pathology and Etiology The thyroid gland which is located in front of the neck, is the particular body part central to the study of hypothyroidism. However, some cases are due to the malfunctions in the pituitary gland or in the hypothalamus. The most common cause of hypothyroidism all over the world is iodine deficiency -- prevalent among impoverished nations. A number of women develop hypothyroidism after pregnancy, called postpartum thyroiditis (Lowrance 15). Other common causes include congenital or birth defects, radiation treatments targeted in the neck area which may damage the thyroid gland, radioactive iodine used in treating hyperactive thyroid and surgical operations on the thyr oid gland (Koumourou 53). Certain substances such as amiodarone, lithium, methimazole, propylthiouracil and ultimately excessive amounts of radiation precipitate hypothyroidism. People over 50 years old and mostly female have high-risk determinants to develop such disease (Pratt and Levy 22). Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are the hormones that account for the total thyroid hormones that flow in the bloodstream. These hormonal constituents maintain biological activities in the body that affect the metabolism of cells. When these processes are disrupted, then the anatomical regularities will also be disturbed that may lead to the following symptoms: sensitivity to cold, joint or muscle pain, fatigue and weakness, constipation, brittle hair or fingernails, pale and dry skin, weight gain, and depression. If left untreated, late manifestations such as thickening of the skin, thinning of bodily hair, slow speech, hoarseness, and decreased sense of taste and smell will occur (Fe nton 26-30). Myxedema coma, the most serious form of hypothyroidism though rare, can result in death for people who remain untreated. Dietary Restrictions Laboratory tests and medical examinations are required to know exactly what type of hormonal malfunctions or thyroid defects are suffered by the patient. Whether it is autoimmune thyroiditis or hypothalamic disease or just a severe case of iodine deficiency, diagnosis is needed in order to establish the most appropriate and efficacious nutritional protocol (Rubin 70). With the exception of certain conditions, the treatment of hypothyroidism necessitates a life-long medical attention and care. The commonest procedure focuses on hormonal replacement using Levothyroxime, however, clinical studies and experience show that the dietary intake of those with hypothyroidism is also a determining factor in the alleviation or in the worsening of the disorder (Hueston 1718). Because hypothyroidism slows down the metabolic process, knowledge o n what to eat and how to eat is pivotal for those who have the disease (Ain and Rosenthal 258). Goitrogens, or foods containing enzymes which catapults the growth of goiter, block the absorption of iodine in the thyroid gland and may disable thyroid functions, should be religiously avoided. Soya, cassava,

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Literature review - Essay Example al 2012). For an average individual, buying services and products is a routine and normal behaviour. For compulsive consumers, incapability to control an overwhelming force defines their buying behaviour. It also leads to substantial and always severe results. A compulsive consumer does not derive his or her utility from a service or product but from psychology during purchase power. For the last twenty years, a strong series of investigation in consumer activities has been in discussion of compulsive consumption phenomenon. This was to show it negative results both in the society and to an individual (O’Guinn et. al 2011). Compulsive consumers accrue unmanageable and vast debt amounts which create emotional and economic problems for them. Incapability to settle off debts then turns into a creditor’s problem. Therefore, the importance of devising and understanding intervention methods to manage and control this activity is vital. Other discussion in this paper has made a focus on marketing strategies and tactics’ role as a risky factor in promotion of compulsive consumption. Consequently, it focuses on marketing role in fostering and promoting this problem activity. This paper therefore, reassesses the literature on the problem behaviour as well as summing up the outcomes in three areas: why do consumers behave in this manner, what are the predictors of compulsive consumers and relations with marketing strategies? The marketing ethics as a risky factor in compulsive consumptions is in the discussion. Compulsive consumption The concept of compulsive consumption in literature has a definition of repetitive, chronic purchasing behaviour which takes place as a reaction to negative feelings or events (O’Guinn & Faber 1989). As individuals purchase compulsively, they buy excess product quantities that they cannot afford and do not require (Hoyer & Maclnnis 2007). This is regarded as a reaction to resolve negative feelings, inner deficienci es or unlikeable life experiences (Faber & O’Guinn 1992). This feeling pushes a consumer to buy goods to help clear negative feelings like frustration and stress (Scherhorn 1990). A compulsive consumer is therefore, motivated to buy goods to clear the negative feelings via alterations in self esteem or arousal level and consequently obtain utility from buying process (Hassay & Smith 1996). To be simple, compulsive consumers act on uncontrollable, powerful urges to purchase (Yurchisin & Johnson 2004) Why do individuals buy compulsively? Recent research has concentrated majorly on identification of personality character associated to compulsive consumption (Shoham & Brencic 2003). For instance, (Valence& Fortier, 1988) say that compulsive consumers have a low self-esteem which make one fantasize, put value on material and high depression levels obsession and anxiety ( Koran et. al 2006) along disappointment, frustration and stress. The fantasy in compulsive consumption has been a point of concentration for researcher. Through fantasy one is able to move away from pessimistic feelings and accept oneself in the society (Faber & O’Guinn 1989). It also allows for rehearsal of expected positive results and a way to avoid concentrating on negative issues. Moreover, when one’ Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8250 words Literature Review - Essay Example To develop an efficient labelling scheme that can handle an ordered tree-structured data model, various scholars have focused on the aim of developing a labelling scheme that is efficient and effective in handling both static and dynamic XML documents and these approaches are discussed below. In the introductory chapter of this thesis, there were specific objectives which defined the motivation of this study, and its goals. The first area of literature relevant to this goal is an overview of labelling schemes. The second part of the literature review presents and discusses other labelling schemes that have commonly been used with XML documents. The first theme is different from the second because in the first, only the overall approach to the functionality of the schemes are presented but in the second, there will be more detail into the schemes by reviewing the strengths, weaknesses and limitations with these other labelling schemes. By so doing, it exposes the research challenges. Lastly, the literature review will identify the weaknesses and limitations of other labelling schemes to propose alternative ideas for new scheme which helps to address the identified weaknesses and limitations. Section 3.2 of the chapter provides an overview of the labelling schemes, while Section 3.3 presents common labelling schemes used to XML data along with their strengths and weaknesses, such as prefix-based schemes (Section 3.3.1), interval-based schemes (Section 3.3.2), multiplication-based schemes (Section 3.3.3) and vector-based schemes (Section 3.3.4). Section 3.4 discusses the scheme’s characteristics to be seen in any ideal scheme. Section 3.5 summarises the literature review and Section 3.6 concludes the chapter. There are four major schemes that are overviewed in this section. These are prefix-based schemes,

Interpersonal skills and team techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interpersonal skills and team techniques - Essay Example When we talk about teams, one of its qualities is the cohesive and interactive nature of team work. To build and amplify these characteristics, some of these interpersonal skills need to be developed. (Shepherd et al., 2007) Listen: Listening is more than hearing. It is the ability to understand what the other person is saying (Bostrom, 1997). Team members need to listen to others so that problems and solutions can be discussed effectively. Reflect: Reflection is the ability to reflect and think about the past and present situations. It also builds cohesion in teams as team members get the opportunity to analyze and think about their behaviors and actions against other team members. Facilitate: Facilitating includes helping out and aiding fellow team members. This skill creates trust between the team members as they know that if they require some assistance, other team members are there to watch one’s back. Communicate: Communication is considered the most essential skill that a person must possess to clearly put across one’s ideas and solutions. Clear and complete communication is required to remove any misunderstandings in teams. A person having a good set of interpersonal skills is expected to prosper working in teams or even independently. These skills must be taught and promoted throughout the organization for the following reasons. Reduces Conflict: A good and effective communication leaves no room for misunderstanding, hence there is lesser chance of conflicts arising in teams. In cases of disagreement, a team leader can intervene and clarify the situation to resolve the conflict. (AMA) Increased Participation: Communication and listening skills encourages team members to increase participation in meetings and be more social. This increases the input from all members thus they would feel comfortable working in the team environment. A

Linear architecture

Linear architecture Michael Cintron   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first structure explained in our text is Linear. A linear architecture displays a storyboard-type layout that links to a webpage before and a webpage after the current page. This type of layout is basically like reading a book where you can only turn one page before or one page after the current page you are reading. The benefit to this type of layout is that it is good for reading sequentially. A drawback is that it is impossible to jump ahead or jump back multiple pages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second structure is known as the Hierarchal structure. This type of structure varies from linear in that instead of jumping forward or backwards, you are going to subpages or higher pages in the structure. This type of structure is good for generic webpages that do not need to be read sequentially. A company webpage with services they offer is a good example of when hierarchal structure should be used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The final structure is the Mixed, or Hybrid, structure. The mixed structure is a combination of both linear and hierarchal structures. Sometimes a webpage does not fit into either structure above and could benefit from both so they are combined into one and it fits the needs perfectly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My preferred structure is the mixed structure because it has so many uses. On my personal webpage, I use the Hierarchal structure because I do not have a need for anything linear, but I still prefer the mixed structure. My first example is iFixit. iFixit has a hierarchy, as seen across the top, and each article has a linear structure where each product they tear down has multiple pages. (http://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Nexus-One-Teardown/1654/1) Another example of a website that uses the mixed structure is How Stuff Works. They also have a general breakdown navigation bar across the top, then you can drill down to the topic you are interested in. Once you find the article, the article itself is a linear structure that links to the next and previous pages. This page also lists all pages near the top of the article, making it simple to jump to a different part of the article. (http://auto.howstuffworks.com/turbo.htm)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cascading Style Sheets are a great tool when creating and maintaining webpages. CSS uses a central file that contains the instructions for displaying a website and all of its pages. When a webpage references the CSS file, it looks at its class and grabs the instructions for displaying the data. For example, if a hyperlink on a page references the class link, then the page looks for the class link in the CSS file and displays it as directed. As long as all hyperlinks use the class link, it is possible to change the color, size, or font of all hyperlinks on a website just by changing the CSS file.

Czar Nicholas II :: essays research papers

On May 6, 1868, an event happened that would change the fate of monarchy in Russia. Czar Nicholas Alexandrovich Romanov II was born in the Blue Bedroom of the Alexander Palace. Ominously, this occurred on the Orthodox day of feast for St. Job the Sufferer. This omen would prevision the never-ending trials he would face in his lifetime. In 1894, Nicholas's father, Czar Alexander III, died from a liver disease called nephritis. At age 26, Nicholas felt that he was not ready to rule Russia. However, he believed that his autocracy was a God-given right. To give up any part of it would go against the traditions of his country and religion. This belief, though seemingly right at the time, would later have a part in the death of his reign. Czar Nicholas II was short, only about five foot six inches tall. His other relatives seemed to tower above him. Though he worked out in his private gym daily, he would always be seen as slight and wiry. Because his legs were so short, most people agreed that he looked most regal when mounted on horseback. He always wore his brown hair parted on the left. His beard, also brown, was streaked with golden highlights as if the sun had reached out and stroked it with a kindly finger. The Czar had a nervous habit of brushing his mustache up with the back of his hand. In time, this gesture would become his distinct signature. Because of his sheltered life under the fear of terrorists, Nicholas grew up secluded from the world. Unfortunately, this caused him to never had the self-confidence and self-reliance he would need later in his life as the last czar of Russia. Though seemingly weak, his first love was Russia and the second his family. He refused to have secretaries, in the belief that this would help bring him closer to his people. Again, it did not work. He was seen as a phony by the entire country. Nicholas and his wife, Alexandra, soon had a family. After four girls were born in succession, they were still hoping for a boy to fall heir to the throne. On July 30, 1904, their wish was granted. A son they would call Aleksey was born and Nicholas and Alexandra were ecstatic. However, the joy was short lived. Aleksey had hemophilia, a hereditary disease in which the blood does not clot right.

Essay on the Book Night

Night Night narrates Ely Wiesel's test of faith and struggle for life through the horrors of the Holocaust. Twelve-year-old Elie and his family are packed into crowded cattle carts and shipped to the Auschwitz-Birkenau camps. This is where Elie survives tragic events that cause him to question God who could let such suffering occur. In the memoir Night, three events that lead to Elie’s victory over death and questioning of the existence of God are when Elie and all the Jews are separated into different carts, Elie’s struggles in the concentration camps and the final death march.Elie’s former teacher, Moshe the Beadle, comes to warn Elie and his family to not be tricked by the Germans, for they were taking control of trains and transporting them to death camps. Elie’s family doesn’t believe Moshe because his stories seemed exaggerated. Soon after, Elie’s family is forced to live in small ghettos in the center of the town. When the trains pulle d up, there was no turning back. â€Å"The Hungarian police made us climb into the cars eighty persons in each one. They handed us some bread and a few pails of water† (Wiesel 22).Elie realizes he and his family are not going to safety. When the train wheels stopped, there was a wretched stench of corpse bodies. They were in Birkeneau. He was shortly separated from his mother and sisters. This momentous event will forever change his family. His faith is massacred, â€Å"Never shall I forget those moments that murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to ashes† (Weisel 34). Elie and his father go through many horrific obstacles in the concentration camps.One afternoon, Elie and his father are forced to watch a hanging of three condemned prisoners, two of which were grown men and the other an innocent child. The two men were no longer alive, but the child’s rope was still moving for he was to light and was still breathing. Elie questions himself, â€Å"How could I say to Him: Blessed be Thou, Almighty, Master of the Universe, who chose us among all nations to be tortured day and night, to watch our fathers, our mothers, our brothers end up in the furnaces† (Weisel 67).After watching thousands of Jews die each day, Elie loses his faith in God completely. Before the war is over, the Germans try to eliminate as many Jews as they can before the Americans invade and free the Jews. Elie has just gotten out of the infirmary because of his infected foot. Elie is about to give up at this point, but he sticks through and survives the death march. After the death march had finally come to a rest, Elie’s father becomes very sick with dysentery.After Elie’s father passes away, Elie is upset but is relieved. Elie is struck with food poisoning and spends weeks in the hospital, deathly ill. When he finally raises himself and looks in the mirror—he has not seen himself in a mirror since leaving Sighet—he is shocked: â€Å"From the depths of the mirror, a corpse gazed back at me. † Elie comes to realize, in the process of separating himself from the corpse, he has become, as a result of his time in the concentration camps, can coexist with faith, both in God and in man.In each of the three events described, Elie must face major traumatic life changes that force him to question his belief in God. Despite these terrible struggles, Elie does not allow himself to be consumed with revenge and evil. He maintains goodness in his spirit. Ellie says, â€Å"And even when we were no longer hungry, not one of us thought of revenge† (Wiesel 115). If God is good and Elie is still (good) inside despite his sufferings, then God must still exist.

The Day the Mona Lisa Was Stolen

The Day the Mona Lisa Was Stolen On August 21, 1911, Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa, today one of the most famous paintings in the world, was stolen right off the wall of the Louvre. It was such an inconceivable crime, that the Mona Lisa wasnt even noticed missing until the following day. Who would steal such a famous painting? Why did they do it? Was the Mona Lisa lost forever? The Discovery Everyone had been talking about the glass panes that museum officials at the Louvre had put in front of several of their most important paintings in October 1910. Museum officials said it was to help protect the paintings, especially because of recent acts of vandalism. The public and the press thought the glass was too reflective and detracted from the images. Some Parisians quipped that perhaps art such as the real Mona Lisa had been stolen, and copies were being passed off to the public. Museum director Thà ©ophile Homolle retorted you might as well pretend that one could steal the towers of the cathedral of Notre Dame. Louis Bà ©roud, a painter, decided to join in the debate by painting a young French girl fixing her hair in the reflection from the pane of glass in front of the Mona Lisa. On Tuesday, August 22, 1911, Bà ©roud walked into the Louvre and went to the Salon Carrà © where the Mona Lisa had been on display for five years. But on the wall where the Mona Lisa used to hang, in between Correggios Mystical Marriage and Titians Allegory of Alfonso dAvalos, sat only four iron pegs. Bà ©roud contacted the section head of the guards, who thought the painting must be at the photographers. A few hours later, Bà ©roud checked back with the section head. It was then discovered the Mona Lisa was not with the photographers. The section chief and other guards did a quick search of the museum- no Mona Lisa. Since museum director Homolle was on vacation, the curator of Egyptian antiquities was contacted. He, in turn, called the Paris police. About 60 investigators were sent over to the Louvre shortly after noon. They closed the museum and slowly let out the visitors. They then continued the search. It was finally determined that it was true- the Mona Lisa had been stolen. The Louvre was closed for an entire week to aid the investigation. When it was reopened, a line of people had come to solemnly stare at the empty space on the wall, where the Mona Lisa had once hung. An anonymous visitor left a bouquet of flowers. Museum director Homolle lost his job. Why Did No One Notice? Later reports would show that the painting was stolen for 26 hours before anyone noticed it.   In retrospect, thats not all that shocking. The Louvre Museum is the largest in the world, covering an area of about 15 acres. Security was weak; reports are that there were only about 150 guards, and incidents of art stolen or damaged inside the museum had happened a few years earlier. In addition, at the time, the Mona Lisa was not all that famous. Although known to be an early 16th-century work of Leonardo da Vinci, only a small but growing circle of art critics and aficionados were aware that it was special. The theft of the painting would change that forever.   The Clues Unfortunately, there wasnt much evidence to go on. The most important discovery was found on the first day of the investigation. About an hour after the 60 investigators began searching the Louvre, they found the controversial plate of glass and Mona Lisas frame lying in a staircase. The frame, an ancient one donated by Countess de Bà ©arn two years prior, had not been damaged. Investigators and others speculated that the thief grabbed the painting off the wall, entered the stairwell, removed the painting from its frame, then somehow left the museum unnoticed. But when did all this take place? Investigators began to interview guards and workers to determine when the Mona Lisa went missing. One worker remembered having seen the painting around 7 oclock on Monday morning (a day before it was discovered missing) but noticed it gone when he walked by the Salon Carrà © an hour later. He had assumed a museum official had moved it. Further research discovered that the usual guard in the Salon Carrà © was home (one of his children had the measles) and his replacement admitted leaving his post for a few minutes around 8 oclock to smoke a cigarette. All of this evidence pointed to the theft occurring somewhere between 7:00 and 8:30 on Monday morning. But on Mondays, the Louvre was closed for cleaning. So, was this an inside job? Approximately 800 people had access to the Salon Carrà © on Monday morning. Wandering throughout the museum were museum officials, guards, workmen, cleaners, and photographers. Interviews with these people brought out very little. One person thought they had seen a stranger hanging out, but he was unable to match the strangers face with photos at the police station. The investigators brought in Alphonse Bertillon, a famous fingerprint expert. He found a thumbprint on the Mona Lisas frame, but he was unable to match it with any in his files. There was a scaffold against one side of the museum that was there to aid the installation of an elevator. This could have given access to a would-be thief to the museum. Besides believing that the thief had to have at least some internal knowledge of the museum, there really wasnt much evidence. So, whodunnit? Who Stole the Painting? Rumors and theories about the identity and motive of the thief spread like wildfire. Some Frenchmen blamed the Germans, believing the theft a ploy to demoralize their country. Some Germans thought it was a ploy by the French to distract from international concerns. The prefect of the police had several theories, quoted in a 1912 story in The New York Times: The thieves- I am inclined to think there were more than one- got away with it all right. So far nothing is known of their identity and whereabouts. I am certain that the motive was not a political one, but maybe it is a case of sabotage, brought about by discontent among the Louvre employees. Possibly, on the other hand, the theft was committed by a maniac. A more serious possibility is that  La Gioconda  was stolen by someone who plans to make a monetary profit by blackmailing the Government. Other theories blamed a Louvre worker, who stole the painting in order to reveal how bad the Louvre was protecting these treasures. Still, others believed the whole thing was done as a joke and that the painting would be returned anonymously shortly. On September 7, 1911, 17 days after the theft, the French arrested the French poet and playwright Guillaume Apollinaire. Five days later, he was released. Though Apollinaire was a friend of Gà ©ry Pià ©ret, someone who had been stealing artifacts right under the guards noses for quite a while, there was no evidence that Apollinaire had any knowledge or had in any way participated in the theft of the  Mona Lisa. Though the public was restless and the investigators were searching, the  Mona Lisa  did not show up. Weeks went by. Months went by. Then years went by. The latest theory was that the painting had been accidentally destroyed during a cleaning and the museum was using the idea of a theft as a cover-up. Two years went by with no word about the real  Mona Lisa. And then the thief made contact. The Robber Makes Contact In the fall of 1913, two years after the  Mona Lisa  was stolen, a well-known antique dealer in Florence, Italy named Alfredo Geri innocently placed an ad in several Italian newspapers which stated that he was a buyer at good prices of art objects of every sort.   Soon after he placed the ad, Geri received a letter dated Nov. 29, 1913, that stated the writer was in possession of the stolen  Mona Lisa. The letter had a post office box in Paris as a return address and had been signed only as Leonardo. Though Geri thought he was dealing with someone who had a copy rather than the real  Mona Lisa, he contacted Commendatore Giovanni Poggi, museum director of Florences Uffizi museum. Together, they decided that Geri would write a letter in return saying that he would need to see the painting before he could offer a price. Another letter came almost immediately asking Geri to go to Paris to see the painting. Geri replied, stating that he could not go to Paris, but, instead, arranged for Leonardo to meet him in Milan on Dec. 22. On December 10, 1913, an Italian man with a mustache appeared at Geris sales office in Florence. After waiting for other customers to leave, the stranger told Geri that he was Leonardo Vincenzo and that he had the  Mona Lisa  back in his hotel room. Leonardo stated that he wanted a half million lire for the painting. Leonardo explained that he had stolen the painting in order to restore to Italy what had been stolen from it by Napoleon. Thus, Leonardo made the stipulation that the  Mona Lisa  was to be hung at the Uffizi and never given back to France. With some quick, clear thinking, Geri agreed to the price but said the director of the Uffizi would want to see the painting before agreeing to hang it in the museum. Leonardo then suggested they meet in his hotel room the next day. Upon his leaving, Geri contacted the police and the Uffizi. The Return of the Painting The following day, Geri and the Uffizi museum director Poggi appeared at Leonardos hotel room. Leonardo pulled out a wooden trunk, which contained a pair of underwear, some old shoes, and a shirt. Beneath that Leonardo removed a false bottom- and there lay the  Mona Lisa. Geri and the museum director noticed and recognized the Louvre seal on the back of the painting. This was obviously the real  Mona Lisa. The museum director said that he would need to compare the painting with other works by Leonardo da Vinci. They then walked out with the painting. The Caper Leonardo Vincenzo, whose real name was Vincenzo Peruggia, was arrested. Peruggia, born in Italy, had worked in Paris at the Louvre in 1908. He and two accomplices, the brothers Vincent and Michele Lancelotti, had entered the museum on Sunday and hid in a storeroom. The next day, while the museum was closed, the men dressed in workmans smocks came out of the storeroom, removed the protective glass and the frame. The Lancelotti brothers left by a staircase, dumping the frame and glass in the staircase, and, still known by many of the guards, Peruggia grabbed the  Mona Lisa- painted on a white polar panel measuring 38x21 inches- and simply walked out of the museums front door with the  Mona Lisa  under his painters smock. Peruggia hadnt had a plan to dispose of the painting; his only goal, so he said, was to return it to Italy: but he may well have done it for the money. The hue and cry over the loss made the painting far more famous than before, and it was now far too dangerous to try to sell too quickly. The public went wild at the news of finding the  Mona Lisa. The painting was displayed at the Uffizi and throughout Italy before it was returned to France on Dec. 30, 1913. After Effects The men were tried and found guilty in a tribunal in 1914. Peruggia received a one year sentence, which was later reduced to seven months and he went home to Italy: there was a war in the works and a resolved art theft was no longer newsworthy. The Mona Lisa became world-famous: her face is one of the most recognizable in the world today, printed on mugs, bags, and t-shirts around the globe. Sources and Further Reading McLeave, Hugh. Rogues in the Gallery: The Modern Plague of Art Thefts. Raleigh, NC: Boson Books, 2003.  McMullen, Roy. Mona Lisa: The Picture and the Myth. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1975.Nagesh, Ashitha. Mona Lisa is moving: What does it take to keep her safe? BBC News, 16 July 2019.  Scotti, R.A. The Lost Mona Lisa: The Extraordinary True Story of the Greatest Art Theft in History. New York: Bantam, 2009.  - Vanished Smile: The Mysterious Theft of the Mona Lisa. New York: Random House, 2010.  The Theft That Made The Mona Lisa A Masterpiece. National Public Radio, July 30, 2011.  Three more held in Mona Lisa theft; French Police Seize Two Men and a Woman on Perugias Information. The New York Times, Dec. 22, 1913. 3.  Zug, James. Stolen: How the Mona Lisa Became the World’s Most Famous Painting. Smithsonian.com, June 15, 2011.

Short essay on camparison of Araby and Young Goodman Brown

Short essay on camparison of Araby and Young Goodman Brown The short stories "Araby" by James Joyce and "Young Goodman Brown" by Nathaniel Hawthorne are both stories about change; however both characters change in very different ways. Organized religion imposes a rebut of prescribed behavior on natural curiosity and growth and in turn causes one to seek it out on there own. In "Araby" an unnamed young boy of about twelve or thirteen depicts his personal coming of age. Due to strong religious obligations, sexuality was greatly repressed during the time of this story. "Young Goodman Brown" tells the tale of a young Puritan man drawn into a covenant with the Devil. Brown's illusions about the goodness of his society are crushed when he discovers that many of his fellow townspeople, including religious leaders and his wife, are attending a Black Mass. Allusions Goodman Brown had witnessed may have or not been real, but changed his life completely.Asian Brown Tortoise / Burmese Star TortoiseThe character in "Araby" was fascinated by what love was like. He read "The Abbot" by Walter Scott, which was a popular romance. The Devout Communicant was also noted as one of his favorite books. This book was a Catholic religious manual that set forth guidelines for his faith. The fact that Joyce mentioned both of these books aids in foreshadowing and revelation of his dilemma. He is a young boy coming to an age of confusion of the opposite sex. The boy seems to create a sexual image of the girl each time he sees her, describing the "white border of a petticoat, just visible as she stood at ease." This idea was vividly sketched in the paragraph which states, "All my senses seemed to desire to veil themselves and, feeling that I was about to slip from them, I pressed the...

Interpretive Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Interpretive Strategies - Essay Example This has been considered as a wonderful mix of communication principles. For this purpose, the person who interprets should have basic working knowledge. The working knowledge should be about; journalism, marketing, psychology, non formal and adult education theory and presentation, business management and finances, reservation and tourism planning/ principles, media planning and design principles (John A. Veverka, 2006). The interpretive techniques and principles can be observed when we see an advertisement, magazine, television or a movie. The interpretation will depend on the reality used in the techniques of interpretation. The understanding of an interpreters about the knowledge and the view of the visitors will be helpful in the success of the interpretation. This cannot be termed as the truth in the interpretation. In the aforementioned context, the view expressed about interpretation is that the one which follows the views of the visitors. The truth lies in the interpretation if the interpreters consider the memory, recreational learning and learning experience of the visitors. This consideration of the interpreters may result in the truth in the interpretation. The learning of the visitor from the interpretation can be in the form of fun also. The methods like coin collecting, model making, studying aspects of history, bird watching etc. is involved with recreational learning. The persons learn from interpretation because they want to discover the pleasure of learning in the interpretation. Part 1 3. System Area Plan The system area considered here is information. It can be presented in many forms and as a result was selected as system area. The presentation of information may be straight facts, figures and dates, analyses and stories. A guide provides information to tourists almost without interpretation. A Writer provides information to the readers with information. For example, the environmental education in the form of a program or exhibit can be presented in either an informational instructional approach. These need interpretive approach. In all the above mentioned conditions, the communication nature of the interpretation should be taken into consideration. The education due to interpretation occurs, when the recipient receives the message and understands it. After that it needs the remembrance. The way of communication and the nature of interpretation also will regulate remembrance. The interpretation regarding the sensitive aspects of the human nature will make them remember the informati on conveyed for a long time. The listeners do not remember the information, if they do not understand the information conveyed. Though interpretation needs the resources, it is not resource specific. It can be considered as objective driven and audience focused process. It looks for results after using the marketing and advertising techniques. This can be termed as interpretation communication strategy. The communication need to provoke curiosity, attention and interest in the listeners or the learners. The absence of attention will not make them to stop before an exhibit. The strategy must be in a manner to provoke and create attention. For provoking and creating, the interpreter must think about the reasons the visitor wants information. The answer to the questions that arise by that thinking

Some Aspect of Early Victorian Period in John Stuart Mill's The Essay

Some Aspect of Early Victorian Period in John Stuart Mill's The Subjection of Women - Essay Example Mrs. Mallard, the main character of the story is told that her husband has died in a train crash. With this information she sits throughout the story and moves forward in her life at least in her mind. The reader is told that Mrs. Mallard has a heart condition in the beginning of the story. Mrs. Mallard describes her plight with her husband. She cannot talk about anything she wants to talk about, she gets ignored and she has to mind her place. Mrs. Mallard resolves herself that she is finally free and she goes through a shift in her consciousness and decides what she will do next. Unfortunately at the end of the story she finds that her husband did not die in the train crash and her only way out now is to have a heart attack and die; which she does at the end. The short story does show how she was expected to listen to him and do what he said which supports what Mill says. An interesting point is that women today are not much different from women then although they have worked hard towards getting a voice. Kuhl describes spinsterhood during this time and the fact that women were to have "high moral standards" and that they were to adhere to "strict rules of conduct in marriage and courtship." Specifically she states: Based on high moral standards, strict rules of conduct in marriage and courtship, and a public lifestyle that would reflect pious dignity, women of the Middle Class were carefully conditioned and expected to live up to a specific code of behavior. The ultimate goal of which was marriage. It became the duty of every woman of the Middle Class to marry and produce children, preferably boys to inherit the newfound status and wealth of the class (par. 3). This statement creates an image of slavery for women of this time period because they were more breeding stock than part of a marriage. They were expected to do only what the man said and which is